Discussion
A machine receives an IPv4 datagram. The protocol field of the IPv4 header has the protocol number of a protocol X.
Which ONE of the following is NOT a possible candidate for X?
Answer: D
The protocol that cannot be X is the Routing Information Protocol (RIP).
The IPv4 protocol field names the protocol carried directly inside the IP datagram. ICMP (protocol number 1), IGMP (2) and OSPF (89) are all carried directly in IP, so their numbers can appear there.
RIP runs over UDP, on port 520. A datagram carrying a RIP message has UDP (17) in its protocol field, and RIP itself is identified only by the UDP port number. So RIP never appears in the IPv4 protocol field.
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