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A soundness failure discovered after concrete has been placed is serious because

  • A.the expansion disrupts concrete that has already hardened
  • B.the concrete then never sets properly at any point at all
  • C.the reinforcement cannot afterwards be inserted into it at all
  • D.the formwork cannot be removed from the finished member

Answer: A

Correct answer: the expansion disrupts concrete that has already hardened

Unsoundness comes from free lime or magnesia that hydrates long after setting, expanding as it does so. Because the concrete has already hardened, that expansion has nowhere to go and cracks and disrupts the member from within - with no remedy but removal. It is the reason soundness is tested before the cement is used and never inferred afterwards.

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