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For some relations, changing the data can have undesirable consequences called:

  • A.referential integrity constraints.
  • B.modification anomalies.
  • C.normal forms.
  • D.transitive dependencies.

Answer: B

Correct answer: modification anomalies.

A poorly structured relation makes some changes impossible to perform cleanly: an insertion anomaly prevents a fact being recorded until some unrelated fact is known, a deletion anomaly destroys information as a side effect, and an update anomaly requires the same value to be changed in many places. Normalisation exists to remove them.

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