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Two districts report 400 and 900 cases, with populations of 20,000 and 60,000. Which has the higher rate, and by roughly what factor?

  • A.the second, by about a third
  • B.the first, by about three times
  • C.they are equal
  • D.the first, by about a third

Answer: D

The rates are 20 and 15 cases per thousand, so the first is higher by about a third even though the second has more cases. This reversal is exactly what normalisation exists to reveal, and mapping the counts alone would have hidden it completely.

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