Discussion
Who among the following emphasized that "security is freedom of insecurity" ?
Answer: A
The keyed answer is Manning.
I could not trace this exact wording to a published source under any of the four names, so the attribution rests on the official key. What can be said is what the line means: it defines security negatively, as the absence of insecurity, rather than as a stock of weapons or power.
The other three names are known for different statements. Robert McNamara argued in The Essence of Security (1968) that security is development, not military hardware. Barry Buzan, in People, States and Fear, called security an essentially contested concept and framed it as the pursuit of freedom from threat. Kenneth Waltz's neorealism makes survival under anarchy the first aim of a state. None of them is the usual source of the quoted sentence, which is why the keyed name stands, but readers should treat the attribution as the examiner's, not as one confirmed against the original text.
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