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The primary heat transfer mode which is responsible for the transfer of heat energy from the Sun to the Earth is:

  • A.convection
  • B.conduction
  • C.radiation
  • D.convection and conduction

Answer: C

Heat reaches the Earth from the Sun by radiation. Between the Sun and the Earth there is almost entirely vacuum, and conduction and convection both need a material medium (a solid in contact, or a moving fluid) to carry the energy. Thermal radiation travels as electromagnetic waves and needs no medium, so it is the only mode that can cross the vacuum of space. That rules out convection, conduction and the option that combines the two.

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