Discussion
In canning and retorting of foods, which of the following is the correct expression of Ball process time (B)?
Assume: \(t_{p}\) = processor's process time; \(t_{c}\) = come-up time
Answer: A
Ball's process time is \(B = t_{p} + 0.42\,t_{c}\).
During the come-up time \(t_{c}\), the retort is still heating towards its operating temperature, so the food receives less lethality than it would at full temperature. Ball's method credits only part of the come-up time as equivalent to time at retort temperature, and the established fraction is 42%. The process time used in calculations is therefore the time at retort temperature plus 0.42 of the come-up time.
The coefficients 0.30, 0.50 and 0.25 are not Ball's correction. The value 0.42 is empirical, based on an assumed linear rise in retort temperature during come-up.
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