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Which physical quantity is the thermal wind?

  • A.A horizontal wind driven directly by the temperature gradient without any pressure gradient involved
  • B.A vertical shear of the geostrophic wind
  • C.An actual wind that a parcel of air would experience as it travels through the layer concerned
  • D.A vertical velocity

Answer: B

The thermal wind is the vector difference between the geostrophic winds at the top and bottom of a layer, so it is a shear and not a wind at all. No parcel of air ever moves with it, and it cannot be measured by an anemometer. The name is unfortunate and misleads almost everyone on first acquaintance, which is why it repays being stated explicitly. Keeping the definition clear prevents the common error of adding the thermal wind to an observed wind as though the two were quantities of the same kind.

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