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Which wind results in the northern hemisphere when temperature falls towards the pole?

  • A.A westerly thermal wind
  • B.An easterly thermal wind, which is what is observed in the stratosphere during the summer months
  • C.A southerly thermal wind
  • D.A northerly thermal wind, blowing from the cold polar region towards the warmer air of the tropics

Answer: A

With cold air to the north, a wind blowing from the west has the cold air on its left, so the thermal wind is westerly and the geostrophic westerlies strengthen with height. This is why the mid-latitude jet stream exists at all. The summer stratosphere reverses the temperature gradient, with warm air over the sunlit pole, and its winds are correspondingly easterly, which is a useful check that the rule has been applied in the right sense. Most errors here come from carrying a result across from a neighbouring case where it does not hold.

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