Discussion
Which feature of the troposphere does the poleward temperature gradient explain?
Answer: B
The equator to pole temperature contrast requires, through the thermal wind relation, a westerly shear throughout the troposphere, which is why the wind at 250 hectopascals is so much stronger than that at the surface. The trade winds arise from the Hadley circulation, the Ekman spiral from friction, and the diurnal wind variation from the daily cycle of boundary layer mixing. Only the first is a direct thermal wind consequence and it is the most important single application of the relation.
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