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Which level does the mid-latitude westerly maximum occupy?

  • A.In the mid-stratosphere
  • B.At about 850 hectopascals, just above the top of the frictional boundary layer over most terrain
  • C.Near the tropopause
  • D.Near the surface, where the horizontal temperature gradient across the polar front is at its strongest

Answer: C

Westerly shear accumulates upward through the whole troposphere while the temperature gradient persists, so the wind reaches its maximum where that gradient reverses, which is at the tropopause. Above it the temperature gradient changes sign and the westerlies weaken again. The surface gradient may be sharp, but shear must be integrated over depth to produce a strong wind, which is precisely why the jet sits high rather than low. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.

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