Discussion
Which temperature appears in the hypsometric equation?
Answer: B
Virtual temperature is used because water vapour is less dense than dry air, so moist air behaves as slightly warmer dry air, and the mean is taken with respect to the logarithm of pressure. In practice the difference between virtual and actual temperature reaches a few kelvin in the tropics and is negligible in polar air. Using the base temperature or a mid-level value would be an approximation to the correct mass-weighted mean. Framing the question as which quantity the change acts upon makes the answer follow without calculation.
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