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Which construction gives the upper level wind from the surface wind and the thickness field?

  • A.Interpolation between the surface wind and a climatological value appropriate to the season involved
  • B.Vector addition of the thermal wind
  • C.Multiplication of the surface wind by the ratio of the two pressures bounding the layer concerned
  • D.Rotation through the cross-isobaric angle

Answer: B

Since the thermal wind is by definition the difference between the two geostrophic winds, adding it as a vector to the lower one recovers the upper one. Drawing this triangle on a chart was the standard method of estimating upper winds before routine upper air observation, and it remains a useful check. The other constructions have no basis in the relation and would give wrong answers in both magnitude and direction. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.

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