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Which turning of the wind with height accompanies warm advection in the north?

  • A.No turning at all
  • B.A turn of ninety degrees between the bottom and the top of the layer being examined by the sounding
  • C.Veering
  • D.Backing, in which the wind direction rotates anticlockwise as the observer moves upward through it

Answer: C

If the wind veers with height, the thermal wind lies to the right of the lower wind, and since the thermal wind has cold air on its left the flow must be carrying warm air into the layer. This single observation from a sounding gives the sign of the thermal advection with no need for any temperature data at all. In the southern hemisphere the rule reverses, which is a point often omitted when the mnemonic is quoted. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.

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