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Which configuration gives the strongest thermal advection?

  • A.Wind perpendicular to the isotherms
  • B.Wind parallel to the isotherms, so that the flow follows the temperature contours around the chart
  • C.Wind of maximum speed
  • D.Wind that neither veers nor backs but simply increases in speed steadily with increasing height

Answer: A

Advection is the wind dotted with the temperature gradient, so it is greatest when the flow crosses the isotherms at right angles and vanishes when the flow is along them. Speed matters too, but orientation is what distinguishes strong advection from none. A wind that only changes speed with height implies a thermal wind parallel to the flow, which means the isotherms are parallel to the flow and the advection is zero. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour.

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