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Which energy reservoir is associated with baroclinicity?

  • A.Available potential energy
  • B.Kinetic energy of the zonal mean flow, which is what baroclinic eddies extract as they develop
  • C.Latent heat
  • D.The internal energy of the atmosphere, which is far larger than any of the other reservoirs present

Answer: A

A horizontal temperature gradient means that mass could be rearranged to lower the centre of gravity, and the energy released by doing so is the available potential energy. Baroclinic instability is precisely the process that taps it. Total internal energy is enormous but almost entirely unavailable, latent heat is a separate source, and the eddies convert available potential energy rather than drawing directly on the mean kinetic energy. Framing the question as which quantity the change acts upon makes the answer follow without calculation.

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