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Which structure sits above the strongest low level temperature gradient?

  • A.The intertropical convergence zone
  • B.The polar vortex, which forms in the winter stratosphere over each of the two polar regions in turn
  • C.The jet stream core
  • D.The subtropical high pressure belt, which marks the descending branch of the Hadley circulation

Answer: C

The thermal wind relation requires the westerly shear to be greatest where the horizontal temperature gradient is greatest, so the jet core lies directly above the polar front. This is why frontal zones and jet streaks are dynamically inseparable. The subtropical high, the convergence zone and the polar vortex all owe their positions to other aspects of the circulation, though the subtropical jet does have its own thermal wind explanation. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.

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