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Which effect do stratospheric easterlies have on planetary waves?

  • A.They have no effect
  • B.They shift the waves eastward at a speed determined by the strength of the mean flow at that level
  • C.They prevent vertical propagation
  • D.They amplify the waves so that sudden warmings occur most readily during the summer months instead

Answer: C

The Charney Drazin criterion shows that stationary planetary waves can propagate vertically only through westerlies below a critical speed, so summer easterlies block them entirely. This is why sudden stratospheric warmings occur only in winter, when westerlies allow wave energy to reach the stratosphere. The criterion is one of the cleanest results linking tropospheric and stratospheric dynamics.

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