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Which structure accompanies a surface front in the vertical?

  • A.A vertical wall of temperature discontinuity extending from the surface up to the tropopause above
  • B.A layer of uniform wind
  • C.An inversion whose base rises steadily with distance behind the surface position of the front itself
  • D.A sloping zone of strong shear

Answer: D

A frontal zone slopes upward over the cold air with a gradient of about one in a hundred, and the thermal wind requires a corresponding zone of concentrated shear along that slope. The slope follows from the Margules relation between the temperature contrast and the wind change across the front. A vertical discontinuity would be dynamically impossible, since it would imply infinite shear and immediate instability. Reading the definition literally, rather than recalling a formula, is the reliable route through questions of this shape.

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