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Which relation gives the slope of a frontal surface?

  • A.The Margules formula
  • B.The hypsometric equation, which relates layer thickness to the mean virtual temperature within it
  • C.The omega equation
  • D.The Sutcliffe development equation, which relates surface pressure change to the thermal advection

Answer: A

Margules related the slope of a frontal surface to the temperature difference across it and the change in geostrophic wind, giving slopes of order one in a hundred for typical values. It is essentially the thermal wind relation applied to a discontinuity. The hypsometric equation concerns thickness, the omega equation vertical motion, and the Sutcliffe equation development, so none of the others addresses frontal geometry. The quantity that varies and the quantity that does not are worth naming before any substitution is attempted.

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