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Which equation describes the frontal ageostrophic circulation?

  • A.The Sawyer-Eliassen equation
  • B.The quasi-geostrophic omega equation, which diagnoses vertical motion from vorticity and thermal advection
  • C.The vorticity equation
  • D.The continuity equation written in pressure coordinates, from which the vertical velocity may be obtained

Answer: A

The Sawyer Eliassen equation diagnoses the cross-frontal circulation forced by frontogenesis within a semi-geostrophic framework, and it correctly gives the narrow sloping ascent observed at fronts. The quasi-geostrophic omega equation gives a broader and weaker circulation because it omits the ageostrophic advection. The vorticity and continuity equations are ingredients rather than the diagnostic relation itself. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.

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