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Which information about the horizontal field does a single sounding provide?

  • A.The surface pressure gradient
  • B.The location of the nearest front, which may be found from the level at which the wind shear is greatest
  • C.The layer mean temperature gradient
  • D.The absolute temperature at a point one hundred kilometres away in the direction of the mean flow

Answer: C

Through the thermal wind relation, the vector wind shear across a layer gives both the magnitude and the direction of the layer mean horizontal temperature gradient. That is a remarkable amount of horizontal information from a single vertical profile. It does not give absolute values at other points, and locating a front requires knowing the gradient over a region rather than at one place.

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