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Which situation invalidates the thermal wind relation?

  • A.Flow close to the equator
  • B.Flow in the mid-latitude free troposphere well above the top of the frictional boundary layer
  • C.Flow in a barotropic layer
  • D.Flow in which the wind speed increases steadily with height without any change in its direction

Answer: A

The relation inherits the geostrophic breakdown near the equator, since dividing by a vanishing Coriolis parameter gives an unbounded shear for any temperature gradient. Mid-latitude free tropospheric flow is exactly where it works best. A barotropic layer simply gives zero thermal wind, which is a valid rather than an invalid result, and speed-only shear is an ordinary baroclinic case.

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