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Which alternative form of the thermal wind uses potential temperature?

  • A.The shear expressed through the difference in potential temperature between the top and bottom levels
  • B.The shear expressed through the isentropic slope
  • C.The shear expressed through the vertical gradient of potential temperature within the layer concerned
  • D.The shear expressed through pressure

Answer: B

Because potential temperature surfaces slope where a horizontal temperature gradient exists on a pressure surface, the thermal wind may equivalently be written in terms of that isentropic slope. This form is convenient in isentropic coordinates and makes the connection with potential vorticity clearer. The vertical gradient of potential temperature is the stratification, which is a separate quantity entering the buoyancy frequency instead. The quantity that varies and the quantity that does not are worth naming before any substitution is attempted.

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