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The vector difference between the geostrophic winds at two levels is called the _____ wind.

  • A.geostrophic wind, which is the balanced flow resulting from the pressure gradient and Coriolis forces
  • B.thermal
  • C.gradient wind, which includes the centrifugal term arising from the curvature of the trajectory
  • D.ageostrophic

Answer: B

The thermal wind is defined as that difference, and it blows along the layer mean isotherms with cold air on its left in the northern hemisphere. The gradient and geostrophic winds are actual balanced flows at a single level, and the ageostrophic wind is the departure of the real wind from balance. Keeping the four apart is the foundation of balanced flow analysis.

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