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Which limitation does thermal steering have as a forecasting rule?

  • A.It gives the direction of movement but never any indication of the speed at which the system travels
  • B.It fails once a system becomes vertically stacked
  • C.It applies only to systems whose central pressure is falling rather than rising at the time concerned
  • D.It requires upper air data

Answer: B

A mature occluded low becomes vertically upright and slow moving, and the thermal steering rule then gives little guidance because the system is no longer being carried by the flow above. The rule works best during the developing stage. It uses thickness rather than direct upper air observations, applies to deepening and filling systems alike, and does give an indication of speed from the strength of the thermal wind. Reading the definition literally, rather than recalling a formula, is the reliable route through questions of this shape.

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