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Which conclusion follows about the depth of a small-scale vortex?

  • A.It penetrates further than a large vortex because its stronger rotation overcomes the stratification
  • B.Its influence is confined to a shallow layer
  • C.It extends through the whole troposphere in the same way that a synoptic scale system does normally
  • D.It has no vertical structure

Answer: B

The Rossby height is proportional to the horizontal scale, so a vortex of 100 kilometres width influences only about a kilometre of depth. This is why mesoscale vortices are shallow features while synoptic cyclones are deep ones. The result also explains why an upper level potential vorticity anomaly must be reasonably broad if it is to induce any appreciable circulation at the surface far below it.

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