Discussion
Which departure from thermal wind balance is expected in a convective storm?
Answer: D
A convective updraught has a Rossby number of order a hundred and vertical accelerations comparable with the residual of gravity and the pressure gradient, so both geostrophic and hydrostatic balance fail and the thermal wind relation has no validity. Environmental shear around a storm still obeys the relation, which is why storm-relative helicity is computed from the larger scale profile rather than from within the storm itself. The shared properties explain why these belong to one family, and the differences explain why more than one exists.
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