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Which quantity used in severe storm forecasting derives from the vertical shear profile?

  • A.Storm-relative helicity
  • B.Convective available potential energy, which measures the buoyancy available to a rising parcel of air
  • C.The lifted index
  • D.Precipitable water, which is the depth of liquid that would result if all the vapour in a column condensed

Answer: A

Storm relative helicity integrates the streamwise vorticity of the environmental shear, and that shear is set by the thermal wind of the surrounding baroclinic zone. It is the standard measure of the potential for rotating updraughts. Convective available potential energy, the lifted index and precipitable water are all thermodynamic quantities derived from the vertical temperature and moisture profile rather than from the wind. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour.

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