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Which large-scale setting typically supplies the shear for severe storms?

  • A.A tropical air mass
  • B.A region of uniform temperature in which the geostrophic wind is identical at every level above the surface
  • C.A strong baroclinic zone near a jet streak
  • D.A stagnant anticyclone in which the wind is light and variable through the whole depth of the troposphere

Answer: C

Severe storm outbreaks occur where a jet streak and its associated baroclinic zone overlie a warm moist boundary layer, supplying shear from the thermal wind and instability from the surface conditions. Anticyclones and barotropic regions supply no shear by definition. The pairing of large-scale dynamics with local thermodynamics is what makes severe weather forecasting a synthesis rather than a single calculation. The shared properties explain why these belong to one family, and the differences explain why more than one exists.

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