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Which reference level is used when expressing the thermal wind in log-pressure coordinates?

  • A.The level of no motion, which is the surface at which the geostrophic wind is assumed to vanish entirely
  • B.A chosen constant surface pressure
  • C.The level of the tropopause, which is where the horizontal temperature gradient changes its sign
  • D.Mean sea level

Answer: B

Log-pressure height is defined as minus a scale height times the logarithm of pressure divided by a chosen reference pressure, conventionally 1000 hectopascals. The choice is arbitrary and affects only the origin of the coordinate, not any physical result. The tropopause and mean sea level are physical surfaces rather than coordinate references, and the level of no motion belongs to the oceanographic dynamic method where an absolute velocity is needed rather than a mere shear.

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