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Which historical development most improved southern hemisphere analysis?

  • A.The introduction of the thermal wind relation into routine forecasting practice at operational centres
  • B.Satellite temperature sounding
  • C.The establishment of a dense network of radiosonde stations across the southern oceans after the war
  • D.Faster computers

Answer: B

Before satellites, the southern hemisphere had almost no upper air data over its vast oceans, and analyses were largely guesswork; satellite radiances supplied the temperature structure and with it the wind field through the thermal wind relation. No dense radiosonde network was ever established there. Faster computers helped but could not create data, and the thermal wind relation had been in use since long before.

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