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Which situation makes a strong cap dangerous rather than protective?

  • A.It prevents any convection from occurring, so that the accumulated energy is dissipated harmlessly by radiation
  • B.It has no effect
  • C.It causes the convection to occur earlier in the day than it otherwise would, before the atmosphere has warmed
  • D.It allows instability to accumulate before breaking suddenly

Answer: D

A cap that holds through the morning allows heating and moistening to build a large positive area, and if it is then removed by forcing or further heating the resulting convection is far more violent than it would have been. Great Plains severe outbreaks follow exactly this pattern. Forecasting whether the cap will break is one of the most consequential judgements in severe weather forecasting. The quantity that varies and the quantity that does not are worth naming before any substitution is attempted.

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