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Which sounding feature reduces the size of hail reaching the ground?

  • A.A dry layer beneath the cloud, which cools the stones by evaporation and therefore preserves them intact
  • B.A deep warm layer beneath the cloud base
  • C.A shallow warm layer, which allows the stones to survive the descent almost entirely without any melting
  • D.A high freezing level with a shallow warm layer

Answer: B

Melting during the fall reduces the stones, so a high freezing level with a deep warm layer beneath allows only the largest to survive to the surface. This is why very large hail is more common in continental climates with low freezing levels. Evaporation from a wet stone does cool it and slows melting, which is why dry sub-cloud layers help hail survive. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.

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