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Which quantity does the precipitable water on a sounding measure?

  • A.The amount of rain that will actually fall from the cloud currently present above the station at that time
  • B.The relative humidity
  • C.The mass of water vapour contained within each cubic metre of air at the level being considered on the chart
  • D.The depth of liquid if all the vapour in the column condensed

Answer: D

Integrating the mixing ratio through the column gives an equivalent depth of liquid, typically 10 to 25 millimetres in mid-latitudes and up to 60 in the deep tropics. It is an upper bound on what could fall from the column but a poor predictor of accumulation, since convergence continually resupplies moisture. Values well above the seasonal normal are a standard indicator of extreme rainfall potential. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour.

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