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True or false: the tangential electric field is continuous across any interface.

  • A.False, it jumps by the surface current density
  • B.True, but only when no surface charge is present
  • C.True, the loop form of Faraday's law forcing continuity at any boundary
  • D.False, it jumps by the surface charge density over the permittivity

Answer: C

It follows from Faraday's law applied to a vanishing rectangle, and no surface charge or current can affect it because the enclosed flux goes to zero with the area. It is the normal flux density and the tangential magnetic intensity that can jump.

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