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An electromagnetic wave in free space has its electric and magnetic fields

  • A.parallel to one another and perpendicular to the direction of travel
  • B.perpendicular to one another and parallel to the direction of travel
  • C.in the same direction as the wave travels
  • D.perpendicular to one another and to the direction of travel

Answer: D

Both divergence equations force the fields to have no component along the direction of propagation, and the curl equations make each perpendicular to the other. The wave is therefore transverse in both fields, which is what allows it to be polarised.

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