Discussion
Two adjacent contours 20 m apart in height are separated by 400 m on the ground. What is the gradient?
Answer: A
Correct answer: 1 in 20
\[ \frac{20\ \mathrm{m\ rise}}{400\ \mathrm{m\ horizontal}} = \frac{1}{20}. \] Gradient is always the vertical divided by the horizontal, expressed as one in something, so the larger the number the gentler the slope. Writing it the other way up gives 20 in 1, an unclimbable cliff, which is offered here as a distractor.
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