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A hollow circular shaft is more efficient than a solid one of the same weight because

  • A.The shear stress is uniform in a hollow shaft
  • B.The polar second moment of area is smaller
  • C.The material is placed where the shear stress is highest
  • D.Hollow shafts are made of stronger material

Answer: C

Shear stress grows with radius, so material near the axis contributes little while adding weight. Removing it and redistributing the same mass to a larger radius raises the polar second moment substantially for the same weight.

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