Discussion
Assertion (A): A circular specimen is used for a torsion test to determine shear modulus.
Reason (R): The torsion constant of a circular section is known exactly and equals its polar second moment of area.
Select the correct answer from the options below.
Answer: D
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason is the justification. To extract \( G \) from a measured torque and twist you must know \( J \) exactly, and only for a circular section is it exactly the polar second moment of area. Any other shape warps, so its torsion constant would itself have to be estimated and the modulus would inherit that uncertainty.
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