Discussion
Which of the following constituent of borosilicate glass exists in the highest percentage ?
Answer: A
The highest percentage is \(\mathrm{SiO_{2}}\).
Borosilicate glass, such as Pyrex or laboratory glassware, is typically about 80% silica (\(\mathrm{SiO_{2}}\)), about 13% boron trioxide (\(\mathrm{B_{2}O_{3}}\)), about 4% sodium oxide and about 2% aluminium oxide (\(\mathrm{Al_{2}O_{3}}\)). The boron oxide lowers thermal expansion and so gives the glass its resistance to heat shock.
Boron trioxide is what distinguishes borosilicate glass, but it is the second component, not the largest. Alumina is a minor constituent, and calcium oxide, a main component of ordinary soda-lime glass, is almost absent from borosilicate glass.
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