Discussion
R-ratio, percent extraction and dye ratio are the terms related to :
Answer: D
R-ratio, percent extraction and dye ratio relate to the relative age of ink.
These are parameters of ink-dating methods developed by Antonio Cantu and Richard Brunelle. As ballpoint ink ages on paper it becomes harder to extract with solvents. Percent extraction measures how much of the ink dissolves in a weak solvent compared with a strong one, and the R-ratio compares extraction under two conditions. The dye ratio, measured by TLC with densitometry, compares the relative amounts of dye components, which change as some dyes degrade. Together they indicate whether one ink entry is older or newer than another.
The options about pigment, vehicle and layering belong to paint analysis, which uses different measures.
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