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A non-counterfeit product imported from another country without the permission of the intellectual property owner is called as :

  • A.Counterfeit smuggling
  • B.IPR Piracy
  • C.Parallel import
  • D.Cross-Border import

Answer: C

Such a product is a parallel import.

Parallel imports, or grey-market goods, are genuine products made by or with the consent of the IP owner and sold abroad, then imported into another country without the owner's permission, usually to take advantage of price differences. Whether they are lawful depends on the importing country's rule on exhaustion of rights.

Counterfeit smuggling and IPR piracy concern fake or unauthorised copies, while the product here is genuine (non-counterfeit). 'Cross-border import' is not the term of art.

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