Discussion
The copper loss of a transformer varies as
Answer: B
Correct answer: the square of the load current
Copper loss is \( I^2R \) in each winding, so it varies as the square of the load current: at half load it is a quarter of the full-load value. That is why the two loss components behave so differently - the constant iron loss dominates at light load and the rising copper loss dominates at heavy load, and the efficiency curve peaks where they cross.
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