Discussion
At which kind of load does a transformer show the greatest fall in its secondary voltage?
Answer: A
Correct answer: a lagging power factor
With a lagging load the current lags the voltage, so the drop across the leakage reactance adds almost directly to the resistive drop and the two combine to give the largest fall. At unity power factor the reactive drop is largely in quadrature and contributes less. A leading load can actually raise the secondary voltage above its no-load value, giving negative regulation.
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