Discussion
A 25 kVA transformer has 300 W of iron loss and 400 W of full-load copper loss. Its efficiency at half load and unity power factor is nearest
Answer: B
At half load the output is 12.5 kW and the copper loss falls to 100 W, so the losses total 400 W and the efficiency is \( 12{,}500/12{,}900 = 0.969 \). The copper loss falls with the square of the loading, which is the key step.
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