Discussion
Maximum efficiency of a transformer is obtained at a load when -
Answer: D
Maximum efficiency is obtained when copper loss becomes equal to core loss.
Efficiency is output divided by output plus losses. Core loss is constant at all loads, while copper loss varies as the square of the load. Differentiating the efficiency with respect to load shows that it is greatest at the load where the variable copper loss equals the constant core loss.
Core loss does not change with load, so it never becomes minimum or negligible as the load varies. Copper loss is least at no load, where the efficiency is zero.
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