Discussion
An engine is flat rated to \( 1000 \ \mathrm{kW} \) and could produce \( 1150 \ \mathrm{kW} \) on a cold day. The surplus available is
Answer: C
Correct answer: 15 per cent
The surplus is taken on the rated figure:
\[ \frac{1150 - 1000}{1000} = 0.15 = 15\% \]That surplus is not wasted - it is the whole point of flat rating. Because the engine reaches its rated 1000 kW without being pushed to its temperature limit, it runs cooler, lasts longer, and delivers full rated power on a hot day when an unrated engine would be falling short.
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