Discussion
For a reciprocal or bilateral two port network, which of the following is correct for the shown circuit ?
Answer: B
For a reciprocal network, \(Z_{12} = Z_{21}\).
A network built only of linear passive bilateral elements, such as this T of resistors, obeys the reciprocity theorem: the voltage at port 2 per unit current at port 1 equals the voltage at port 1 per unit current at port 2. For the T network the shared shunt arm gives both transfer impedances directly:
\[ Z_{12} = Z_{21} = 3\ \Omega \]
The other conditions do not hold here: \(Z_{11} = 1 + 3 = 4\ \Omega\) and \(Z_{22} = 2 + 3 = 5\ \Omega\), so the network is not symmetrical, and \(Z_{11} = Z_{12}\) or \(Z_{12} = Z_{22}\) are not conditions of reciprocity.
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