Discussion
The phase velocity of an electro-magnetic wave depends on frequency in aqueous medium, the said phenomenon is called :
Answer: A
The phenomenon is dispersion.
A medium is dispersive when its refractive index, and so the phase velocity of waves in it, depends on frequency. Water is strongly dispersive for electromagnetic waves, so different frequency components travel at different speeds and a pulse spreads out.
Polarization is the orientation of the electric field vector, absorption is the loss of wave energy in the medium, and scattering is the redirection of the wave by particles or irregularities. None of these is the frequency dependence of phase velocity.
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